The Registry of Nature
Habitats
Attracting Wildlife to Your Back
Yard
A Guide to Increasing Wildlife Diversity
and Aesthetic Value Around Your Home
Appendix B. Additional Butterfly
Information
Dr. Ron Royer of Minot is a butterfly expert.
He has developed an internet site entitled,
Atlas of North Dakota Butterflies. This site includes
pictures and can be found at:
www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/dist/lepid/bflynd/bflynd.htm. Ron also
has published Butterflies of North Dakota which includes
colored plates, range maps and general biological information.
The following is a very brief overview of
butterflies taken from a conversation with Dr. Royer:
As a general rule, most environmentally sensitive
and conservation-important butterflies prefer white and
pink/purple/red blooms to yellow ones (e.g., Cirsium,
Monarda, and Echinacea are much better than
Ratibida and Rudbeckia). My usual advice to butterfly
gardening aspirants is to prefer native to exotic or highly bred
garden ornamentals (despite the most prolific and more showy nature
of the latter), because the adult appearance of many native
butterfly species is phenologically coordinated with the rather
specific nectar (i.e., "fuel") sources. A good example is the June
emergence of the conservation-sensitive grass skippers (Hesperia
dacotae and ottoe, Polites origenes, and Atrytone arogos)
in time with the seasonal bloom of such species as Echinaces,
Lilium, and Zygadenus.
Among traditional garden ornamentals, composites
(e.g., marigolds and zinnias) are by far the most productive
butterfly attractors in terms of overall species richness of
butterfly visitations.
Then there is the issue of larval foodplants
(actually far more important to the conservation of native butterfly
species). Unfortunately, most everything butterflies prefer,
gardeners do not (e.g., nettles, thistles, etc.).
Skippers - unmowed native prairie
grasses and native legumes (Locoweed,etc.).
Swallowtails - umbellifers (carrots,
dill, parsley)
Whites and sulphurs - crucifers and legumes (i.e., food crops)
Lycaenids - docks, pinkweed, wild
buckwheats, native legumes (e.g., Thermopsis, Oxytropis, Lupinus,
etc.)
Brushfoots - "weeds" generally,
including representatives of just about every plant family,
including nettles, various wild asters, and so forth
Satyrs and Nymphs - native grasses and
sedges
Unless one is willing to sustain a one-acre native
prairie or native woodlot in the yard (including most of the plant
species that the usual lawn-grower 2-4-Ds to death), flowers are
likely to attract mostly garden pests (cabbage butterflies, alfalfa
butterflies, and so forth). The same unfortunately, is true to CRP
land. This, of course, is why butterflies are such good indicators
of undisturbed native habitats - they can tell far better than we
when a place has been "disturbed". Typically they do so by being
absent.
The best butterfly habitat in cities is found in
long-vacant lots that most citizens describe as "eyesores". Why?
Precisely because they are not "managed," but rather "neglected" for
long enough that "weeds" get firmly established.
Previous
Section -- Appendix A. Trees, Shrubs, Vines
and Ground Cover Recommendations Return to
Contents Next Section -- Appendix C. Native
Plant Seed Sources and Information
|