- Introduction
- Table of Contents
- Defining Goals
- Site Map
- Components of a Habitat
- Identifying Wildlife
- Choosing Plants
- Caring for Plants
- Chemicals and their Effects on the Habitat
- The Need for Water
- Creating Meadows
- Building Ponds & Water Structures
- Attracting Wildlife
- Photograhy
The Registry of Nature Habitats
Attracting Wildlife to Your Back YardA Guide to Increasing Wildlife Diversity and Aesthetic Value Around Your HomeAppendix A. Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Ground
Cover Recommendations
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| Species | Latin Name | Diameter | Height | Site | Use | Availability | Wildlife Rating | Wildlife Features | Season | Comments |
| CONIFEROUS TREES | ||||||||||
| Ponderosa Pine | Pinus ponderosa | 25-30 | 50-70 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | F | C, F | Y | |
| Black Hills Spruce | Picea glauca var. densata | 15-25 | 30-60 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | F | C, F | Y | |
| Blue Spruce | Picea pungens | 15-25 | 30-65 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | G | C, F | Y | |
| Eastern Red Cedar | Juniperus virginiana | 15-30 | 30-45 | ALL | S, O, B | C, NC | G | C, F | Y | |
| Rocky Mountain Juniper | Juniperus scopulorum | 12-20 | 30-40 | ALL | S, O, B | C, NC | G | C, F | Y | |
| DECIDUOUS TREES | ||||||||||
| American Linden | Tilia americana | 30-50 | 50-70 | FAV | B, ST | C | G | C, F | S | Seeds drop with leaves |
| Bur Oak | Quercus macrocarpa | 35-60 | 40-70 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | EX | N | S, F | Underutilized |
| Green Ash | Faxinus pensylvanica | 30-40 | 35-65 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | G | C, F | S, F | Reliable, but overplanted |
| Hackberry | Celtic occidentalis | 20-45 | 40-60 | ALL | S, ST, B | C, NC | G | C, F, B | S, F, W | Berries persist into winter |
| Black Cherry | Prunus serotina | 30-50 | 35-60 | SEL | O | C | EX | C, F, B | S, F | For trial in selected sites |
| Black Walnut | Juglans nigra | 30-50 | 30-60 | SEL | S, ST, B | NC | EX | C, N | S, F | Nut drop may be bothersome |
| Boxelder | Acer negundo | 30-40 | 30-55 | ALL | S, ST, B | C | F | C | S, W | Plant male cultivers to avoid problem with boxelder bugs |
| Paper Birch | Betula papyriefera | 20-40 | 20-40 | FAV | ST | C | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Subject to drought injury and bronze birch borer |
| Ohio Buckeye | Aesculus glabra | 20-35 | 20-25 | FAV | B, ST | C | EX | C, N | S, F | Nut drop may be bothersome |
| Amur Chokecherry | Prunus maacckii | NA | 20-25 | ALL | B, O | C | EX | C, F | S, F | Copper colored bark |
| Chokecherry | Prunus virginiana | 10-20 | 20-25 | ALL | B, O | C | EX | C, F | S, F | Edible fruit, suckers badly, subject to blacknot |
| Siberian Crab | Malus baccata | NA | 15-30 | ALL | O | NC | G | C, F, B | S, F, W | Variety "Midwest" excellent |
| Mountain Ash | Sorbus sp. | 10-20 | 15-25 | FAV | B, O | C | EX | C, F | S, F, N | Bark is subject to sunscald |
| Flowering Crab | Malus sp. | NA | 15-20 | ALL | O | C | G | C, F, B | S, F, W | Many varieties, plant Zone 2, selection for exposed sites |
| Amur Maple | Acer ginnala | 15-20 | 15-20 | ALL | B, O | C, NC | C, F | S, F | Drought hardy | |
| Hawthorne | Crateagus sp. | 8-10 | 15-20 | ALL | O | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Several species |
| Pincherry | Prunus pennsylvanica | NA | 15-20 | FAV | O | U | EX | C, F | S, F | |
| Thornless Cockspur Hawthorne | Crateagus crusgalli inermis | NA | FAV | O | C | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Fruits heavily, don't plant over sidwalks | |
| SHRUBS | ||||||||||
| Amur Maple | Acer ginnala | 15-20 | 15 | ALL | B, N, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Red fall color, leaves and seeds |
| Buffaloberry | Sheperdia argentea | 8-14 | 20-25 | ALL | B, N, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Female plants produce heavy berry crops, must have males for pollination |
| Chokecherry | Prunus virginiana | 10-20 | ALL | B, N | NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Subject to blacknot amd western X disease | |
| Nannyberry | Viburnum lentago | 8-12 | 10-15 | FAV | B, H, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Red fall color, clusters of blue berries |
| Schubert Chokecherry or Canada Red Cherry | Prunus virginiana | 10-20 | 12-25 | ALL | B, H, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F | A horticultural variety of chokecherry, suckers |
| Snowbird Hawthorne | Crateagus sp. | 8-10 | 15 | ALL | B, H, OS | C | EX | C, F | S, F | Most hawathornes are excellent wildlife plants |
| American Highbush Cranberry | Viburnum trilobum | 8-12 | 10 | FALL | B, H, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Fruit persists into winter |
| American Plum | Prunus americana | 8-10 | 10 | ALL | B, H | NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Not long lived, fruit production not reliable |
| Juneberry | Amelanchier alnifolia | 5-12 | 10 | FAV | B, H, OS | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Selected varieties for fruit production |
| Lilac | Syringa sp. | 6-12 | 10 | ALL | B, H, OS | C, NC | F | C | S | Several species and cultivars, attractive to butterflies and bees |
| Amur Honeysuckle | Lonicera maaki | 10-14 | 8 | ALL | B, H | NC | F | C, F | S | Several species and cultivars similar |
| Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster acutifolia | 8-10 | 8 | ALL | B, H, OS | C, NC | G | C, F | S, F | Red fall color |
| Dwarf Amur Maple | Acer ginnolla | 2-4 | 8 | ALL | F, B, OS | C | G | C, F | S, W | Red fall color |
| Nanking Cherry | Prunum tomentosa | 6-10 | 8 | FAV | B, H | C, NC | G | C, F | S, F | Short lived |
| Red Osier Dogwood | Cornus stolonifera | 10-15 | 8 | FAV | B, H, OS | NC | F | C, F | S, F | Our native species of dogwood |
| Red Twigged Dogwood | Cornus sp. | 10-15 | 8 | FAV | B, H, OS | C | F | C, F | S, F | Several commercial species and selections |
| Smooth Sumac | Rhus glabra | 10-15 | 8 | ALL | B, H, OS | C, NC | G | C, F | S, F, W | Red fall color |
| American Hazel | Corylus americana | NA | 7 | FAV | B, H, OS | N, C | EX | C, N | S, F | Our only nut producing shrub, underutilized, red-bronze colors |
| Black Chokecherry | Aronia melanocarpa | NA | 6 | SEL | B, H | C | EX | C, F | S, F | For trial in selected sites |
| Golden Currant | Ribes cooratum | NA | 6 | FAV | B, H | NC | G | C, F | S, F | Edible fruit |
| Hansen Hedge Rose | Rosa sp. | 4-6 | 4-6 | ALL | B, H | NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Fruits persist into winter |
| Mongolian Cherry | Prunus fruticosa | 3-6 | 6 | ALL | B, H | NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Suckers, forms thickets |
| Alpine Currant | Ribes alpinum | 3-6 | 5 | ALL | B, H, F | C | G | C | S | Shade tolerant |
| Ill Scented or Skunkbrush Sumac | Rhus trilobata | 4-10 | 3-8 | ALL | B, H | NC | F | C | S, F, W | Red fall color |
| Rugosa Rose | Rusa rugosa | NA | 4 | FAV | B, H, F | C | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Fruits persist into winter |
| Woods Rose and Wild Prairie Rose | Rosa sp. | 4-6 | 4 | ALL | B, H, F | NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Several species, fruits persist into winter |
| Sandcherry | Prunus bessyi | 3-6 | 4 | FAV | B, H | NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Short lived, not vigorous |
| Raspberry | Rubus sp. | NA | 3 | SEL | B, H | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F | Commercial varieties for fruit |
| Snowberry, Wolfberry | Symphoricarpos sp. | NA | 3 | ALL | B, H, F | NC | G | C, F | S, F, W | Berries persist into winter |
| VINES | ||||||||||
| Virginia Creeper | Pathencissus quinquefolia | NA | Large | FAV | C, NC | EX | C, F | C, F | S, F | Turns scarlet red in early fall |
| Wild Grape | Vitus vulpina | NA | Large | FAV | Vine | NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Makes good jelly |
| American Bittersweet | Celastrus scandens | NA | Medium | FAV | Vine | C, NC | EX | C, F | S, F, W | Orange seed capsules split to expose red seed, persist into winter, male and female required to set fruit |
| Scarlet Trumpet or Dropemore Honeysuckle | Lonicera
hirsuta
XL. sempervirens |
NA | Small | FAV | Vine | C | EX | C | S | Flower favored by hummingbirds and orioles |
| GROUND COVER BEARBERRY | ||||||||||
| (And Other Hawthornes | Artostaphyols UVA-URI | NA | Low | FAV | U, NC | F | S, F | Shade tolerant | ||
ALL - All sites. B - Boulevards. C - Commercial nurseries.
FAV - More Favorable. S - Shelterbelts/windbreaks. NC - Non-commercial
SEL - Selected sites. O - Ornamental for yard. state owned nurseries.
EX - Excellent. ST - Shade tree U - Uncommon, requires
G - Good. C - Cover. S - Spring.
F - Fair. F - Food. F - Fall.
B - Butterflies,moths, H - Hummingbirds and orioles. W - Winter.
bees. N - Nuts or acorns. Y - Year around.
Previous Section -- Wildlife Problems: Profiles, Problems, and
Solutions
Return to Contents
Next Section -- Appendix B. Additional Butterfly
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