Olympia Marble (Euchloe olympia [W. H. Edwards])
Wing span: 1 3/8 - 2 inches (3.5 - 5.1 cm).
Identification: Underside of hindwing with sparse marbling leaving much white space; pink tinge at upper margin in living butterlfies.
Life history: Males patrol on hilltops for females. Females lay single egg on flower bud of host plant; caterpillars eat flowers and fruits. Chrysalids hibernate.
Flight: One flight from April-July, early in Texas, later in the north.
Caterpillar hosts: Various rock cresses (Arabis species) in the mustard family (Brassicaceae).
Adult food: Flowers of rock cresses, chickweed, phlox, and houstonia.
Habitat: Various open areas including prairies, foothills, lakeshore dunes, shale barrens, meadows, open woodlands.
Range: Southern Canada, central Montana and Colorado, south to central Texas, east through Great Lake states. Isolated populations in Appalachians from Pennsylvania to Tennessee.
Conservation: Protect habitat of isolated populations.
Management needs: Conserve habitats with host plants and nectar sources.
The Nature Conservancy Global Rank: G4 - Apparently secure globally, though it might be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
References:
Clench, H. K. and P. A. Opler. 1983. Studies on nearctic Euchloe. Part 8. Distribution, ecology, and variation of Euchloe olympia (Pieridae) populations. Annals of Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, PA. Vol. 52, pages 41-54. Opler, P. A. and G. O. Krizek. 1984. Butterflies east of the Great Plains. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 294 pages, 54 color plates. Opler, P. A. and V. Malikul. 1992. A field guide to eastern butterflies. Peterson field guide #4. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 396 pages, 48 color plates. Scott, J. A. 1986. The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. 583 pages, 64 color plates. Tilden, J. W. 1986. A field guide to western butterflies. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 370 pages, 23 color plates.
Author: Jane M. Struttmann
State and Regional References:
Glassberg, J. 1993. Butterflies Through Binoculars: A Field Guide to Butterflies in the Boston-New York-Washington Region. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, N.Y. 160 pp. Layberry, R.A., Hall, P.W. & Lafontaine, D.J., 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON. 280 pp. Opler, P.A. 1998. A field guide to eastern butterflies, revised format. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Shapiro, A.M. 1966. Butterflies of the Delaware Valley. American Entomological Society Special Publication. Philadelphia, PA. 79 pp. Tietz, H.M. 1952. The Lepidoptera of Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State College School of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station. State College, PA. 194 pp. Wright, D.M. 1995, Atlas of Pennsylvania Butterflies. Special Private Publication, Lansdale, PA. 22 pp.