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Frigga Fritillary (Boloria frigga [Thunberg])
Wing span: 1 1/2 - 2 inches (3.8 - 5.1 cm).
Identification: Tip of forewing pointed. Wings orange-brown with black markings; darker at wing bases. Underside of hindwing with off-white patch near base of costal margin.
Life history: Males patrol in low areas of willow bogs. Hibernation is by nearly full-grown caterpillars.
Flight: One brood from late May-early August.
Caterpillar hosts: Cranberry (Vaccinium) and bog rosemary (Rosmarinus), perhaps willow (Salix) and dwarf birch (Betula).
Adult food: Flower nectar.
Habitat: Sedge and sphagnum bogs, arctic tundra.
Range: Holarctic. Northern Alaska and northern Canada east to Labrador, south to northern areas of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Isolated populations in Rocky Mountains to Wyoming and southcentral Colorado.
Conservation: Not usually of concern, but isolated populations may be of interest at the state or local level.
The Nature Conservancy Global Rank: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
Management needs: Maintain integrity of bog habitat.
References:
Opler, P. A. and G. O. Krizek. 1984. Butterflies east of the Great Plains. Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 294 pages, 54 color plates.
Opler, P. A. and V. Malikul. 1992. A field guide to eastern butterflies. Peterson
field guide #4. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 396 pages, 48 color plates.
Scott, J. A. 1986. The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, Calif. 583 pages, 64 color plates.
Tilden, J. W. 1986. A field guide to western butterflies. Houghton-Mifflin Co.,
Boston, Mass. 370 pages, 23 color plates.
Author: Jane M. Struttmann
State and Regional References:
Ferris, C.D. and F.M. Brown. 1980. Butterflies of the Rocky Mountain States.
University of Oklahoma Press. Norman.
Ferris, C.D. 1971. An Annotated Checklist of the Rhopalocera [Butterflies] of
Wyoming. University of Wyoming Agriculture Experiment Station Science
Monograph 23: 1-75.
Opler, Paul A. 1999. Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies, revised
edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
Stanford, R.E. and P.A. Opler. 1993. Atlas of Western USA Butterflies.
Privately published, Denver, Colo.
Tilden, J.W. and A.C. Smith. 1986. A Field Guide to Western Butterflies.
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
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 1999 -
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