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Hecebolus Skipper (Panoquina hecebola [Scudder])
Wing span: 1 3/16 - 1 1/2 inches (3.1 - 3.9 cm).
Identification: Wings are brown. Upperside of forewing has a few pale spots; male has a round spot in the cell. Underside of the hindwing has veins lighter than the background; rarely with a purple sheen or a band of spots.
Life history: Not reported.
Flight: October-November in South Texas; throughout the year in Mexico.
Caterpillar hosts: Unknown.
Adult food: Flower nectar.
Habitat: Open subtropical scrub and wood edges.
Range: Northern Mexico south through tropical America to Paraguay. A regular stray to the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas; a rare stray to the Florida Keys.
Conservation: Not usually required.
The Nature Conservancy Global Rank: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
Management needs: None reported.
References:
Opler, P. A. and V. Malikul. 1992. A field guide to eastern butterflies. Peterson
field guide #4. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 396 pages, 48 color plates.
Scott, J. A. 1986. The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, Calif. 583 pages, 64 color plates.
Stanford, R. E. and P. A. Opler. 1993. Atlas of western USA butterflies including
adjacent parts of Canada and Mexico. Denver and Fort Collins, CO.
Author: Jane M. Struttmann
State and Regional References:
Neck, R.W. 1996. A Field Guide to Butterflies of Texas. Gulf Publishing Co.,
Houston, Texas.
Opler, Paul A. 1999. Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies, revised
edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
Stanford, R.E. and P.A. Opler. 1993. Atlas of Western USA Butterflies.
Privately published, Denver, Colo.
Tilden, J.W. and A.C. Smith. 1986. A Field Guide to Western Butterflies.
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
Tveten, J. and Tveten, G. 1996. Butterflies of Houston & Southeast Texas.
Univ. of Texas Press, Austin, TX. 292 pp.
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