North American Butterflies and Moths List

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Butterflies of North America

Butterflies of Louisiana

Northern Pearly Eye (Enodia anthedon)
JPG -- species photo

Northern Pearly Eye (Enodia anthedon Clark)

Wing span: 1 3/4 - 2 5/8 inches (4.5 - 6.7 cm).

Identification: Antennal clubs are black. Upperside is brown with dark eyespots. Underside is brown; submarginal row of 4 black spots on forewing is straight and the dark line inside it is sinuous. Spots are not surrounded by diffuse white.

Life history: Males perch on tree trunks or vegetation up to 10 feet above ground at edges of clearings to wait for females. Eggs are laid singly on the host plant; third- and fourth-stage caterpillars hibernate.

Flight: One brood in the north from June-August, two broods in the south from May-September.

Caterpillar hosts: Various grasses including white grass (Leersia virginica), bearded shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum), plumegrass (Erianthus), broadleaf uniola (Uniola latifolia), and bottlebrush (Hystrix patula).

Adult food: Dung, fungi, carrion, and sap from willows, poplars, and birch.

Habitat: Damp deciduous woods, usually near marshes or waterways; mixed or grassy woodlands.

Range: Central Saskatchewan and eastern Nebraska east to Nova Scotia, south to central Alabama and Mississippi.

Conservation: Not usually of conservation concern.

The Nature Conservancy Global Rank: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

Management needs: None reported.

References:

Opler, P. A. and G. O. Krizek. 1984. Butterflies east of the Great Plains. Johns 
     Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 294 pages, 54 color plates.

Opler, P. A. and V. Malikul. 1992. A field guide to eastern butterflies. Peterson 
     field guide #4. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 396 pages, 48 color plates.

Scott, J. A. 1986. The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, 
     Stanford, Calif. 583 pages, 64 color plates.

Tilden, J. W. 1986. A field guide to western butterflies. Houghton-Mifflin Co., 
     Boston, Mass. 370 pages, 23 color 	plates.

Author: Jane M. Struttmann

State and Regional References:

Lambremont, E.N.  1954.  The Butterflies and Skippers of Louisiana.  Tulane 
     Studies in Zoology 1:127-164.

Layberry, R.A., Hall, P.W. & Lafontaine, D.J., 1998.  The Butterflies of 
     Canada.  University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON.  280 pp. 
     
Opler, P.A. 1998. A field guide to eastern butterflies, revised format.
     Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.     
Northern Pearly Eye (Enodia anthedon)
distribution map
map legend

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